MODULE-2:BUDDHISM PHILOSOPHY

MODULE-2: BUDDHISM PHILOSOPHY

Introduction: Buddhism rejects Vedas, Traditions and Rituals.

Founder – Siddartha

Schools: Hinayana and Mahayana (Acharya Nagarjuna)

Books: Three Pitakas

1.                  Vinaya Pitaka

2.                  Sutta Pitaka

3.                  Abhidhamna Pitika

Metaphysics:

1.      Common sense distinction between the soul and its material environment

2.      Realistic in nature

3.      Recognizes neither the self nor the world

4.      Self suffering to the desire

5.      Self to be less substantial and more shadow than its material environment

6.      Kshanikavadam

7.      Lakshna thrayam – Sarrow, Anithyam and Anathma

8.      Faith in rebirth

9.      There is no permanence, everything is change

10.  Three Rathnas

Buddam Saranam Gachami

Dharmam Saranam Gachami

Sangam Saranam Gachami

11.  Giving importance to body and mind

Epistemology:

1.      Prathyaksha Pramana

2.      Anumana Pramana

3.      Truth

4.      Empirical Knowledge

Axiology:

1.      Law of Karma

2.      Four Noble Truths

1.                  Dukka

2.                  Dukka – Samudaya

3.                  Dukka – Niroda

4.                  Dukka – Niroda Maarga (Ashtanga Maarga)

1.                  Right Knowledge

2.                  Right Resolve

3.                  Right Speech

4.                  Right Conduct

5.                  Right Livelihood

6.                  Right Effort

7.                  Right Mindfulness

8.                  Right Concentration

Ashrams: Nalanda, Thakshashila, Valabhi and Vikramashila, monasteries for religious and residential.

Entering system: The programme of Pabbajja (Going forth) – Eight Years

Primary education: Eight years to twenty years

Secondary education: Twenty one years to forty years (Upasampada)

Hierarchy of learning: Shishya – Upasampada – Monkhood – Bhikshu – Acharya

Aims of Education

1.      Nirvana or Liberation

2.      Chitta Vritti Niroda

Curriculum:

1.      Literature

2.      Mathematics

3.      Astrology

4.      Ayurvedam

5.      Music

6.      Handcrafts

7.      Paly

8.      Sanskrit

Teaching methods:

1.      Oral method

2.      Discussion

3.      Meditation

4.      Preaching

5.      Repetition

6.      Explanation

7.      Exposition

8.      Question and answer

9.      Debate

10.  Seminars

Teacher:

1.      Highest place

2.      Love and affectionate

3.      Father and child relationship

4.      Ten years experience in monk hood

Discipline:

1.      Personalized discipline

2.      Strict discipline

Women education: Rigid rules and permit to only five hundred students

MODULE-1: VEDANTA PHILOSOPHY

MODULE-1: VEDANTA PHILOSOPHY

Introduction: Vedanta means end of vedas. Vedas are four, i.e. Rug Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and Adarvana Veda

Arya Civilization

Chatur Varna Vyavasta: Brahmana, Kshtriya, Vysya and             Sudra

Four stages in human life: Brahmacharya, Gruhasta, Vanaprastra and Sanyasi

Metaphysics:

1.   Prastana Traya

1.      Upanishads

2.      Bhagavadgita

3.      Brahma Sutras

2.   Jivanmukti or Libertim

3.   Vedanta has two types that are theistic (Visishata Adivitha) and non – theistic (Advitha)

4.   Advitha means non duality of the Athman and Brahman

5.   The significance of the self duty (Swadharma)

6.   Arishadgunas are the door of hell

Epistemology:

1.      Virtuous knowledge

2.      Perception

3.      Inference

4.      Revealed

Axiology:

1.      Dharma

2.      Artha

3.      Kama

4.      Moksha

5.      Truth

6.      Goodness

7.      Beauty

Entrance system: Upanayanam

1.      Brahmin (Eight years)

2.      Kshtrriya (Ten years)

3.      Vysyas (Twelve years)

Samavarthanotheram: Convocation and give Guru Dakshana

Educational institutions have full freedom from the constitutional authorities

Aims of Education

1.      Virtuous knowledge

2.      Sublimation of personality

3.      Social aim

4.      Inner consciousness

5.      Intellectual development

6.      Spiritual development

7.      Vocational education

8.      Moral development

Curriculum:

1.      Para vidya (God)

2.      Apara vidya (Life)

3.      Arts and sciences

4.      Moral education

5.      Vedas

6.      Sanskrit is the medium of instruction

7.      Grammar

8.      Astrology

9.      Karma gnanam for Brahmans

10.  Yudda vidya, political sciences and dharma sutras for Kshtriyas

11.  Agriculture, geography, commerce and mathematics for Vysyas

Teaching methods:

1.      Oral

2.      Recitation

3.      Discussion

4.      Monitorial system

5.      Question and answer method

Teacher:

1.      Guru

2.      Philosopher

3.      Highest place

Discipline:

1.Strict discipline

2.Self control

3.Self discipline

Women education: Gargi and Mythreye were first educational women in Vedanta